In Hope of Liberty - Culture, Community and Protest among Northern Free Blacks, 1700-1860 (Paperback, New edition)

Covering the colonial period to the Civil War, spanning all of the northern United States, In Hope of Liberty documents the antebellum northern black experience. In examining churches, schools, music, living arrangements, occupations, even the underground railroad, the Hortons point out the central role of the black community in successfully managing the tensions born of assimilation and cultural difference. In the process, they detail the extensive national contributions of northern blacks.